DAWEI, Myanmar – Dusty roads and makeshift offices are the only hints of the ambitious US$50-billion project slated for the thick jungles near Myanmar’s southern city of Dawei, billed by its developers as the “new global gateway of Indo-China”.
Big questions surround the far-reaching plans by Thailand’s largest construction firm, Italian-Thai Development, to transform 250 square kilometres (97 square miles) of scrubland in Tanintharyi Region into Southeast Asia’s largest industrial complex.
“There is very little activity around here related to this project. A lot of us wonder if they are really confident enough about it to go forward with it,” said U Kyaw Naing Oo, 40, a trader in Maungmakan, whose white-sand beaches would border the project.
That comment is echoed by other villagers, industry analysts and even the government.
In a country where a third of the 60 million people live on less than $1 a day, Dawei is striking in its scale and ambition.
Super-highways, steel mills, power plants, shipyards, refineries, pulp and paper mills and a petrochemical complex are part of it, as are two golf courses and a holiday resort – all strategically nestled in Southeast Asia between rising powers India and China.
But just over a year since the former government signed a deal to create Myanmar’s first and biggest special economic zone (SEZ) at Dawei, the project has made little headway, despite the dramatic political reforms sweeping the country and the prospect of a gradual lifting in Western sanctions.
Italian-Thai has yet to secure $8.5 billion to finance construction of its first phase – roads, a telecoms network, utilities and a port – after building a dirt road of more than 100km (62 miles) to neighbouring Thailand. Its executives hope to find a strategic partner by year-end and plan to present the project to potential investors in South Korea this month.
Energy Minister U Than Htay told Reuters last week that at least two other SEZs would be developed more quickly than Dawei: the Thilawa project near the commercial capital, Yangon, and Kyaukpyu, where the China-Myanmar pipeline starts and a deepsea port is nearly finished.
“It is faster than the Dawei zone,” he said of Kyaukphyu. “Now we are considering supplying the electricity at Kyaukpyu,” he said.
Securing a stable source of electricity has been at the heart of Dawei’s problems since the government abruptly halted construction of a 4000 megawatt coal-fired power plant in the area on January 10, citing environmental concerns.
Somchet Thinaphong, managing director of Dawei Development Co Ltd, controlled by Italian-Thai, told Reuters on January 23 that its power plant partner, Ratchaburi Electricity Generating Holding, would decide on a fuel type within three months, including the possible use of natural gas funnelled to the site via a 50km (31-mile) pipeline from fields within Myanmar.
But U Than Htay ruled out using natural gas to fuel Dawei.
“Up to now the electric power supply for that project is not sure,” he said.
In a country beset by chronic electrical outages, powering even a home can be difficult, let alone an industrial zone. Blackouts are common across the country, even at Yangon’s international airport.
That puts pressure on Ratchaburi, whose involvement is limited to a feasibility study as “a preliminary step”, it said in a November 16 statement.
U Than Htay stressed other ministries would decide Dawei’s future, not his. But he offered his personal view of what the government will do: “My guess is sell out, according to the contract made by the previous government.”
Italian-Thai , which signed a 60-year concession to develop Dawei 14 months ago, has brushed aside those comments. Somchet of Dawei Development Co insists the project will go ahead. “It’s at the point of no return. They can say whatever they want but the final decision will depend on the special committee chaired by Myanmar’s president,” Somchet told Reuters on January 27.
He has a powerful local partner. A quarter of Dawei Development is held by Max Myanmar Group, owned by tycoon U Zaw Zaw.
Thailand’s top lender, Bangkok Bank, is advising on the power project and Siam Commercial Bank on the whole project.
Companies that Italian-Thai has identified as possible investors include Malaysia’s Petroliam Nasional, Japan’s Mitsubishi Corp, Mitsui & Co and Sumitomo Corp, and South Korea’s POSCO.
Japanese Trade and Economy Minister Yukio Edano discussed the project with the Myanmar and Thai governments when he visited both countries last month.
“This project is huge and is getting a lot of interest from foreign investors,” said Somchet, who personally met Edano and sees Dawei as a possible location for Japanese firms to build parts for use at car manufacturing plants in Thailand, as well as a low-cost location for industrial production for Thai companies.
He expects much of the infrastructure, including a proper road to Thailand, to be completed within three years, creating a stable route for cargo sent to Dawei from the Middle East and Africa for shipping to Bangkok and beyond in Southeast Asia, bypassing the congested Strait of Malacca.
Brokers appear less sure.
In a recent note to clients, Singapore stock brokerage DBS Vickers Securities highlighted the risks.
“Despite potential to bring economic prosperity to Myanmar, the project is still in its infancy and clouded with risks,” it said. “The sudden call to halt the 4000MW coal-fired power plant project would make it difficult for Italian-Thai to secure strategic partners to help fund the project.”
It described Dawei Development Co’s plans to sell land in the area to raise funds for the project as “optimistic” and stressed that without strategic partners and firm funding, Dawei Development would remain a drag on Italian-Thai’s earnings this year.
In the year to date, Italian-Thai shares have underperformed those of its peers and the overall market due to uncertainty over the Myanmar project. The stock has risen just 0.1 percent in the past 12 months.
Italian-Thai has an “Analyst Revision Score” of 14 under a model by earnings-tracker StarMine which ranks stocks according to changes in analyst sentiment, with 100 representing the highest rank.
Kanit Sangsubhan, director of the Thai Finance Ministry’s Economic and Financial Research Institute, told Reuters Dawei would need heavy government involvement or state enterprises to co-invest.
Whether that will happen is unclear. U Than Htay of Myanmar’s Energy Ministry said the government wanted to promote more private involvement. “Regarding the petroleum refineries or the downstream plants, now most of the plans will be taken charge of by the private sector. Up to now, I have no plan to participate in that area because I need to mind existing jobs.”
PTT Exploration and Production, Thailand’s top state-controlled oil and gas explorer, has shown little interest in the project, and neither has its parent, PTT, Thailand’s biggest company.
“It is still very early days on Dawei,” said Sean Turnell, an expert on Myanmar’s economy at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. “They are better off having a special economic zone near Yangon. Dawei mainly benefits Thailand. There are not a lot of benefits to Myanmar from that one.” – Reuters
